EXCERCISE
1. In the ANS, the preganglionic neurons synapse with postganglionic neurons in the
A. autonomic ganglia.
B. brain stem.
C. spinal cord.
D. dorsal root ganglia.
E. skeletal muscle cells.
2.The effector organs for the somatic motor nervous system are
A. cardiac muscle.
B. smooth muscle.
C. glands.
D. skeletal muscle.
E. all of these
3.Which of these characteristics describe the somatic motor nervous system?
A. one neuron between CNS and skeletal muscle
B. effect can be excitatory or inhibitory
C. cell bodies in lateral part of the spinal cord
D. receptor molecules can be nicotinic or muscarinic
E. all of these
4.Which of the following characteristics apply to the ANS?
1. sometimes consciously controlled
2. two neurons between the CNS and effector organs
3. all neurons myelinated
4. neurotransmitters can be acetylcholine or norepinephrine
A) 1,2
B) 1,3
C) 1,4
D) 2,3
E) 2,4
5.Cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the
A) dorsal horn of the spinal cord gray matter.
B) ventral horn of the spinal cord gray matter.
C) lateral horn of the spinal cord gray matter.
D) sympathetic chain ganglia.
E) collateral ganglia.
6. Given these characteristics:
1. sometimes called the thoracolumbar division
2. preganglionic cell bodies are located in cranial nerve nuclei or S2-S4 in the spinal cord
3. preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine
4. preganglionic neurons project to chain ganglia
5. postganglionic neurons release acetylcholine or norepinephrine
Choose the characteristics that apply to the sympathetic division of the ANS.
A) 1,2,3,4
B) 1,3,4,5
C) 2,3,4,5
D) 2,3,4
E) 3,4
7. Sympathetic preganglionic axons enter the chain ganglia through the
A) gray ramus communicans.
B) splanchnic nerve.
C) afferent neurons.
D) postganglionic neuron.
E) white ramus communicans.
8. Sympathetic postganglionic axons may pass through a(n) __________ and reenter a spinal nerve.
A) gray ramus communicans
B) splanchnic nerve
C) afferent neurons
D) postganglionic neuron
E) white ramus communicans
9. Some sympathetic preganglionic axons synapse in collateral ganglia; the postganglionic axon then passes through a
A) spinal nerve.
B) splanchnic nerve.
C) sympathetic nerve.
D) parasympathetic nerve.
E) somatic motor nerve.
10. Some sympathetic preganglionic axons pass through the chain ganglia and a collateral ganglion before synapsing with cells in the
A) adrenal medulla.
B) brain.
C) heart
D)kidneys.
E) blood vessels.
11.Collateral ganglia are associated with which of these nerves?
A) spinal nerves
B) splanchnic nerves
C) sympathetic nerves
12. Which of these characteristics is correct for the parasympathetic division of the ANS?
A) preganglionic cell bodies in the brainstem and lateral parts of spinal cord gray matter (S2-S4)
B) chain ganglia and collateral ganglia present
C) many postganglionic neurons for each preganglionic neuron
D) short preganglionic neurons, long postganglionic neurons
E) all of these are correct
13. Which of these is NOT a collateral ganglion?
A) celiac ganglion
B) inferior mesenteric ganglion
C) external iliac ganglion
D) superior mesenteric ganglion
14. Sympathetic nerves innervate which of these structures?
A) smooth muscle in the esophagus and lungs
B) sweat glands in the skin of the head and neck
C) smooth muscle in the blood vessels of the head, the salivary glands, and the eye
D) smooth muscle in the wall of the pancreas
E) all of these
15. Splanchnic nerves innervate
A) smooth muscle in blood vessels.
B) the abdominopelvic organs.
C) walls of organs and glands in the abdomen.
D) the pancreas, liver, and prostate gland.
E) all of these
16. Approximately 75% of all parasympathetic axons are located in the
A) facial nerve (VII).
B) glossopharyngeal nerve (IX).
C) oculomotor nerve (III).
D) vagus nerve (X).
17.Parasympathetic preganglionic axons whose cell bodies are in the sacral region of the spinal cord travel through __________ nerves that innervate the urinary bladder, lower colon, etc.
A) cranial
B) pelvic
C) spinal
D) splanchnic
E) sympathetic
18. About 80% of the cells in the adrenal medulla secrete
A) acetylcholine.
B) epinephrine.
C) norepinephrine.
19. All preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are
A) adrenergic.
B) cholinergic.
C) myelinated.
D) unmyelinated.
E) both b and c
20. Postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division that innervate thermoregulatory sweat glands are
A) adrenergic.
B) cholinergic.
21. Most postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic division are
A) adrenergic.
B) cholinergic.
22. The membranes of all postganglionic neurons in autonomic ganglia and the membranes of skeletal muscle cells have
A) adrenergic receptors.
B) muscarinic receptors.
C) nicotinic receptors.
23. The membranes of effector cells that respond to acetylcholine released from postganglionic neurons have
A) adrenergic receptors.
B) muscarinic receptors.
C) nicotinic receptors.
24. When acetylcholine binds to nicotinic receptors,
A) Na+ ion channels open.
B) G proteins are activated.
C) K+ channels open.
D) Cl- channels open.
25. When acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors,
A) Na+ ion channels open.
B) G proteins are activated.
C) K+ channels open.
D) Cl- channels open.
26. When acetylcholine binds to nicotinic receptors, the response is
A) always excitatory.
B) always inhibitory.
C) either excitatory or inhibitory.
27. When acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors, the response is
A) always excitatory.
B) always inhibitory.
C) either excitatory or inhibitory.
28. When norepinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors,
A) Na+ ion channels open.
B) G proteins are activated.
C) K+ channels open.
D) Cl- channels open.
29. When norepinephrine binds to adrenergic receptors, the response is
A) always excitatory.
B) always inhibitory.
C) either excitatory or inhibitory.
30. When norepinephrine binds to beta-adrenergic receptors on the heart, the response is
A) excitatory.
B) inhibitory.
C) either excitatory or inhibitory.
31. Epinephrine binds to
A) adrenergic receptors.
B) muscarinic receptors.
C) nicotinic receptors.
32. The effect of sympathetic stimulation on the urinary bladder is to __________ the wall and __________ the sphincter.
A) contract, contract
B) contract, relax
C) relax, contract
D) relax, relax
33. The effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the eye is to __________ the ciliary muscle and to __________ the pupil.
A) contract, constrict
B) contract, dilate
C) relax, constrict
D) relax, dilate
34. Which of these functions is NOT affected by parasympathetic stimulation?
A) secretion of tears
B) secretion of sweat
C) secretion of insulin from the pancreas
D) secretion of thin, watery, saliva
E) secretion of digestive glands
35. Which of these effects results from the stimulation of the parasympathetic division?
A) increased heart rate and force
B) increased blood flow to skeletal muscles
C) increased contraction of smooth muscle in the wall of the digestive tract
D) increased glucose in the blood
E) contraction of arrector pili muscles
36. Given these parts of an autonomic reflex:
1. afferent neuron
2. association neuron
3. effector cell
4. efferent neuron
5. sensory receptor
Choose the correct order an action potential travels through them from a stimulus to the resulting action.
A) 1,2,3,4,5
B) 1,5,2,4,3
C) 2,1,3,4,5
D) 4,1,2,5,3
E) 5,1,2,4,3
37. In the autonomic reflex that regulates blood pressure, the type of sensory receptors involved are
A) baroreceptors.
B) chemoreceptors.
C) nociceptors.
D) thermoreceptors.
38. Which of these structures is innervated almost entirely by the sympathetic division?
A) heart
B) gastrointestinal tract
C) urinary bladder
D) blood vessels
E) reproductive organs
39. The parasympathetic division
A) decreases blood flow to the skin.
B) mediates many reflexes that regulate the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems.
C) is responsible for the fight or flight response.
D) causes an increase in metabolism.
E) all of these
40. A patient suffering a myocardial infarction (heart attack) has cold, clammy skin because of strong stimulation of the
A) parasympathetic division.
B) sympathetic division.DETAIL
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