1. In the study of science
A) deductive reasoning may be used, but inductive reasoning is preferred
B) inductive reasoning may be used, but deductive reasoning is preferred
C) only inductive reasoning is used
D) either deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, or both may be used
D) either deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, or both may be used
2. A successful scientific experiment will result only in
A) rejection of one or more hypotheses
B) proving a hypothesis
C) accepting many hypotheses
D) confirming predictions
3. The "scientific method" involves all of the following except
A) imagination and insight
B) an educated guess
C) a rigid set of logical steps
D) a suspicion of what the truth might be
4. Homologous structures among animals provide evidence for evolution in that these structures are
A) different in different animals, but are modifications of the same basic structure
B) similar in function, but of different basic structure
C) all shown in the fossil record
D) all produced by the same gene
5. When it was shown that animals could reproduce geometrically but didn't, Darwin concluded that
A) the mathematics was faulty
B) the study from which the conclusions were drawn was flawed
C) they failed to reach their potential because of the selective action of nature
D) they actually reproduce arithmetically
6. Darwin spent 5 years sailing around the world on the
A) H.M.S. Species
B) H.M.S. Beagle
C) H.M.S. Evolution
D) H.M.S. Tortoise
7. Darwin explained his theory of evolution in a book called
A) On the Origin of Species
B) The Principles of Population
C) Survival of the Fittest
D) Around the World in Eighty Days
8. Which of the following is not part of the scientific process?
A) making predictions
B) asking questions
C) using creative insight
D) proving theories are true
9. The study of the way individual traits are transmitted from one generation to the next is called
A) ecology
B) genetics
C) cell biology
D) homology
E) analogy
10. Which of the following did not help Darwin formulate his theory of evolution?
A) fossil evidence that species had changed over time
B) closely related species on oceanic islands
C) belief that the earth was several thousand years old
D) evidence of artificial selection in domestic animals
E) all of the above did help Darwin
11. Structures that have the same evolutionary origin even though they may now have different structures or functions are said to be
A) endemic
B) analogous
C) homologous
D) immutable
E) geometric
12. Where did Darwin observe closely related species of finches and closely related species of tortorises?
A) The Galapagos Islands
B) Patagonia, South America
C) the Cape Verde Island
D) Australia
E) England
13. Who wrote an essay on population growth that helped Darwin formulate his theory of evolution?
A) Charles Lyell
B) Eratosthenes
C) Alfred Russel Wallace
D) Thomas Malthus
E) Karl Popper
14. Using general principles to analyze specific cases is called
A) deductive reasoning
B) inductive reasoning
C) natural selection
D) artificial selection
15. Which of the following pairs are analogous structures
A) the front leg of a horse and a human arm
B) the front leg of a frog and a bat wing
C) the wing of a bird and a bat wing
D) the front flipper of a porpoise and a human arm
E) the wing of a bird and a butterfly wing
16. How old was Darwin when he began his voyage around the world?
A) 5
B) 22
C) 30
D) 59
E) 59
17. According to the fossil record, how many times has flight evolved among vertebrates?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
18. Of the following biological levels of organization, which represents the smallest or lowest level?
A) organs
B) populations
C) cells
D) organisms
E) tissues
19. According to Darwin's theory of evolution
A) all individuals have an equal chance of surviving and reproducing
B) species are immutable
C) tortoises are the modern descendents of glyptodonts
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
20. You are conducting an experiment to test the hypothesis that dairy cows will give more milk if they listen to classical music while being milked. Your 20 experimental cows listen to classical music during milking; you collect all their milk and measure how much there is. Your 20 control cows should have all experimental conditions identical to the experimental cows except
A) they should listen to classical music at a louder volume
B) they should listen to classical music all the time, not just during milking
C) they should listen to a different type of music, like heavy metal
D) they should not listen to any music
E) they should not be milked
21. Which of the following statements concerning scientific hypotheses is false?
A) Their consequences can be tested by different investigators.
B) They can be used to make predictions.
C) They are not always correct.
D) They are the same as theories.
E) They are constructed based on observations.
22. Science is based on evidence rather than consensus.
A) True
B) False
23. Scientists seek facts, but sometimes the best they can do are theories.
A) True
B) False
24. Homologous structures in different species may serve different functions.
A) True
B) False
25. Prior to the 19th century, most biologists believed that organisms living at that time were fixed entities that were divinely created.
A) True
B) False
26. Deductive reasoning
A) is always correct
B) uses specific observations to draw more general conclusions.
C) is rarely applied in science
D) applies general principles to predict or explain specific results
E) determines principles from observations
27. Which of the following is not a property of life?
A) molding or adapting to one's environment
B) regulating materials that enter or leave the system
C) responding to stimuli
D) maintaining a relatively constant internal condition
E) reproducing, passing hereditary material to the next generation
28. Evolution and natural selection are the same thing.
A) True
B) False
29. All of the evidence gathered by Darwin to support his theory of evolution by natural selection
A) was gathered based solely on observations made during his trip to the Galapagos Islands
B) was first presented in a book by Charles Lyell
C) was gathered from observations made by Darwin and from information presented by others
D) was presented in his book Essay on the Principle of Population
E) included an explanation of how traits can be passed from generation to generationANSWER
- 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C
- 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. A 15. E 16. B 17. C 18. C 19. E 20. D
- 21. D 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. A 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C
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